8D Problem Solving Techniques
Structured problem solving has become quite a welcome procedure in many workplaces around the world, the most common of them being the Six Sigma method and the 8D problem solving techniques. The 8D problem solving techniques are actually preferable over the more popular Six Sigma method today because of its simplistic approach (it does not use statistical methods like the Six Sigma method) and that is the reason knowing about them could help you. At the same time, making the transition from Six Sigma to 8D is quite natural because of the similarities in the two kinds of methods. The method was first developed by the Ford Motor Company and has gone very little change in its implementation since then.
8D actually stands for Eight Disciplines. Basically, the method uses an eight-step process and hence the name. Companies are using the method in their brainstorming exercises for ideation and easy facilitation of innovative methods. At the same time, it is possible to use 8D to brainstorm a problem or an exercise that is involved with a particular company process. The 8D method is used both in small group discussions as well as in large seminar kinds of setups.
Though there are no preset templates that can make the 8D problem solving techniques universally applicable, there are certain points that can be used in a uniform manner for all kinds of problems. The following are the eight steps involved in the process.
Step # 1 - Use a Team to begin with If you have a problem and need to solve it with the 8D approach, you will need a team to help you with it. This team must have the necessary skill and knowledge to solve the problem. They must be ready to put in time. It is also necessary that a team leader is selected to make the process more regulated. We will speak assuming you are the team leader. Step # 2 - Outline the Problem The team should be made aware of the problem. This must be done as lucidly as possible, with clear explanation of all terms involved. Generally the problem is as it relates to the customer. Step # 3 - Discuss Temporary Fixes You have to define all the stopgap methods that can temporarily solve the problem as far as the customer is concerned. These are the methods that can be used until a permanent solution is arrived at. The effectiveness of these methods should be corroborated with statistical evidences and data. Step # 4 - Discuss Root Cause Once the problem is suppressed by planning temporary fixes, the next thing to do is to find out the root cause of the problem. There can be several potential causes. If there are, each of them should be analyzed using various techniques such as is/is not, fishbone analysis, 5 Why analysis, etc. to determine which will be the most likely cause. Then, the cause is verified in greater detail and solutions are planned. Step # 5 - Research the Solutions You have now set the solutions. Now, your task is to verify whether these solutions are really suitable to the problem. Researches will be needed, considering several associated points as to how the solution can mitigate the problem. Step # 6 - Implement the Solutions Once you are sure what solution is to be used, the next step is to implement it. You have to ascertain that the solution will indeed remove the root cause. You will need to define controls to check the progress of the solution and even constantly update the controls. Step # 7 - Ensure the Longevity of the Solution You must now implement measures so that the problem does not recur. This ensures the solution becomes a lasting solution. Step # 8 - Appreciate the Team Effort Since the 8D problem solving techniques are a combined effort, it is important to appreciate the efforts of each individual member. The team effort must be publicized and must be archived for further use.
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